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The reforms of king Amanullah      
 

                                           
Afghanistan of the 1920s was shaped by the reforms of King Amanullah. After the liberation of his Afghanistan from the English, he initiated extensive reforms. These included the reorganization of tax law, an anti-smuggling law and anti-corruption measures. In social life he introduced compulsory education for girls and boys. He also opposed the concealment of women. He ordered the state employees to wear western clothing. But these clothes had to be made from Afghani, native fabrics. However, when King Amanullah met one of his subjects wearing Western clothing that was made abroad, he cut his clothes with a pair of scissors. With the specialists recruited abroad, the king modernized his country Afghanistan. In addition to new buildings for state administration, he also had dams built to improve water supply and power generation. My great-grandfather Wilhelm Rieck came to this Afghanistan, which was entering a new era.  
König Amanullah hält eine Rede
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
"Amanullah in a speach"
                                                   
The order of the captions does not correspond to the sequence of the monument inauguration. Probably the pictures were glued after a long break in the photo album. As can be seen on the right, pictures 1 and 2 are next to each other, while the course of the action should show the order 1 and 3. While the monument on picture 2 has already been revealed, it is still veiled on picture 3.
                                                   
König Amanullah und Suraija      
König Amanullah mit Familie
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
  1)
"Amanullah and wife go to"
(see below)
       3)
"Amanullah and Suraija"
  
                                                   
König Amanullah bei der Denkmal Einweihung      
Denkmaleinweihung die Zuschauer
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
2)
"inauguration of the monument"
          
4)
"the audience"
  
                                                   
                                                   
  Here the monument in 2002.                                
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
"landscape near Kabul"
 
In the middle of the picture
the monument.
  
   
                       
                       
                       
                       
  The Menare elem wa jahal monument is an ornate pillar on top of a hill near the zoo, which stands for knowledge and culture, as well as a raw unhewn stone for stupidity and ignorance (foreground right).
This monument consists of hewed stone on the top of the hill and unhewed stone at the foreground on the right side.
The hewed stone stands for wisdom and knowledge whereas the unhewed stands for stupidity.